Tu Youyou 👩‍🔬

Chemical

Tu Youyou is a scientist, pharmaceutical chemist and physician. She was born on December 30, 1930 in Ningbo, China. She saved thousands of lives thanks to her discovery of the extract of the plant artemisinin to treat malaria by testing traditional Chinese medicine. Thanks to this important discovery, Tu Youyou, in addition to saving hundreds of lives, received the Nobel Prize for medicine in 2015.

"All I wanted to do was a good job at my job. Of course, I would be nothing without my team. This honor belongs to me, my team and the entire nation."

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UPqFwaxLvqg

Mileva Maric 👩‍🏫

 

Mathematician

Mileva Marić also known as Mileva Einstein was a Serbian mathematician. She was born on December 19 of 1875, Servia, and died on August 4 of 1948, Switzerland. She was Albert Einstein's first wife in addition to being his colleague. She had developed research on number theory, differential and integral calculus, elliptical functions, heat theory and electrodynamics. Mileva's thoughts and discoveries are believed to have had a great impact on Einstein's work.

One of Mileva's discoveries was the photoelectric effect that originated in her work when she studied in Heidelberg with Professor Lenard, who later received the Nobel Prize in Physics.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXJYZh6nJ_U

Elizabeth Blackburn 👩‍🔬

 

Biochemical

Elizabeth Helen Blackburn is an Australian biochemist and won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 2009. Elizabeth was one of the first among biochemists to study telomeres, along with John Gall and Jack Szostak. Telomeres are the ends of the chromosomes in eukaryotic cells, which are necessary both for cell division and for maintaining the integrity and stability of the chromosomes. Blackburn and Greider also discovered that cancer cells are capable of continuing to produce greater amounts of telomerase, causing tumors to appear. This discovery may contribute to finding substances, methods or targets that are effective in slowing down the secretion of this enzyme and thus help in the treatment of cancer. "Having few women in science doesn't do science any good. Women can do science as well as men, so having few women is equivalent to losing a lot of scientific talent."

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SaLnl7TKM9I

María Andresa Casamayor 👩‍🏫

Mathematician

María Juana Rosa Andresa Casamayor de La Coma was a Spanish mathematician, writer and teacher of girls who excelled in the handling of numbers and arithmetic, areas that at that time were common to men and not to women. She was born on November 30, 1720, Zaragoza, Spain and died on October 23, 1780, Zaragoza, Spain.

In 2009, the Zaragoza City Council dedicated a street to her that was previously called "Grupo Jose Antonio Girón“ Gijón also has a street named after the Zaragoza scientist. In 2018 she was included in the Periodic Table of Women Scientists, together with other women scientists from all over the world.

Mary Cartwright 👩‍🏫

Mathematician

Mary Lucy Cartwright was born in England in 1900, on December 17th. In 1919 she decided to go to Oxford to study, being at that time 1 of the 5 women who studied at that university. After graduating, in 1923, she decided to become a math teacher for 4 years, in Worcester and Buckinghamshire.

Then she decided to return to the university to do a doctorate, her thesis spoke of "The Zeros of the integral Functions of special types", within the field of complex variable analysis. After getting his PhD he made one of his most important works regarding function theory, the Cartwright theorem, which deals with function maxims.

He obtained a research scholarship at Griton College in 1930. He worked with John E. Littlewood on the solutions of differential equations that served as a model for the development of radio and radar. And with Littlewood's studies and his theorem he began the theory of chaos.

She was appointed a member of the Royal Society in 1947, becoming the first woman mathematician to be a member of this organization, and in 1960 she became the first woman president of the mathematical society in London, she was also the first woman to obtain the Sylvester Medal in 1963, in 1968 she received the Morgan Medal, and as if that were not enough, in 1969 she received the highest British distinction when the Queen appointed her a lady of the British Empire. 

She died in Cambridge, England on April 3, 1998.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SnuJIzT918

Émilie du Châtelet 👩‍🏫

Mathematician and Phisicist

Émilie du Châtelet was a great mathematician and physicist, she was born in Paris in 1706, and her name is Émilie le Tonolier de Breteuil, but this changed when she married the Marquis Florent-Claude de Châtelet, to the name by which we know her today. In itself, although she was very intelligent, the fact that she was an aristocrat and her father did not discriminate against her because she was a woman was very important for the development of her career, since he let her study as any man would, she studied mathematics, literature, science, among others.

She was the mother of three children, and at the age of 43, when she gave birth to her fourth, she died. Even so, before her death she made many discoveries and acquired many knowledge that we use today; among her works, she translated into French Newton's Mathematica Principle, to which she also added her own analysis of energy conservation, in addition, she deepened differential equations and demonstrated, thanks to her knowledge of physics and mathematics, that energy of an object in motion is proportional to its mass by the square of its speed.

"The cult of books is the best prelude to know humans."

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QefQbkN2CNE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXhHcqQTrIg

Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin 👩‍🔬

Chemist 

Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin was born in Cairo in 1910, she was a chemist who studied at Oxford, where in her last year she decided to specialize in X-ray crystallography, then moved to Cambridge where she worked with a very famous scientist, John Desmond Bernal. She then returned to Oxford to take up a research position and there she stayed for her entire career before marrying historian Thomas Hodgkin in 1947.

She succeeded in developing the technique of X-ray diffraction which she later applied in the search for the exact three-dimensional structure of complex organic molecules. She also determined the structure of pepsin, penicillin, among others, and discovered the crystalline structure of insulin which is an essential drug for the treatment of diabetes. Even before discovering all this, he won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on X-ray diffraction.

"I was captured for life by chemistry and crystals."

https://youtu.be/RcLy45sT9l4